Furthermore, advancements in multimodal imaging technologies have improved our ability to extend the rate of resection while minimizing the risk of inducing new neurologic deficits, together referred to as the “onco-functional balance.” However, despite the common utilization of invasive techniques such as cortical mapping to identify eloquent tissue responsible for language and motor functions, glioma patients continue to present post-operatively with poor cognitive morbidity in higher-order functions. Traditionally, neurosurgeons have considered that lesions in “non-eloquent” cerebrum can be more aggressively surgically managed compared to lesions in “eloquent” regions with more known functional relevance. The surgical management of brain tumors is based on the principle that the extent of resection improves patient outcomes. 3Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.2Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.1Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.Dadario 1 Bledi Brahimaj 2 Jacky Yeung 3 Michael E.